Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores ipsum repellat minus nihil. Labore, delectus, nam dignissimos ea repudiandae minima voluptatum magni pariatur possimus quia accusamus harum facilis corporis animi nisi. Enim, pariatur, impedit quia repellat harum ipsam laboriosam voluptas dicta illum nisi obcaecati reprehenderit quis placeat recusandae tenetur aperiam.
Enterobacteriaceae that are resistant to carbapenem antimicrobials through the production of carbapenemase are known as carbapenamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Only a few last line antibiotics are active against CPE; however, these are often highly toxic with unproven efficacy.
To learn more about testing and reporting information visit Public Health Ontario Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae respources
MRSA stands for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. It is a type of staph bacteria that resists many common antibiotics. Most often, it causes painful skin boils or abscesses, but it can also lead to severe infections in the blood, lungs, or surgical wounds.
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a type of bacteria present in the gastrointestinal tract that develop resistance to many antibiotics, especially vancomycin. It is spread from person-to-person or from contaminated surfaces and can cause severe infections. VRE is typically acquired in health care or hospital settings. Proper infection and prevention and control can help to prevent transmission. This page contains clinical resources and research findings related to VRE.
Candida auris (C. auris) also known as Candidozyma auris is a type of yeast that can cause severe illness and spread easily among very sick patients in healthcare facilities. C. auris can cause a range of infections from superficial (skin) infections to more severe, life-threatening infections, such as bloodstream infections.
C. auris is often resistant to antifungal medications, meaning the fungus develops the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill it. That means the germs are not killed and continue to grow. Resistant infections can be difficult, and sometimes impossible, to treat.
Visit Public Health Ontario website to learn more about Candida auris
Routine Practices refer to infection prevention and control (IPAC) practices to be used with all clients/patients/residents during all care, to prevent and control transmission of microorganisms in all health care settings. Routine Practices must be incorporated into the culture of each health care setting and into the daily practice of each health care provider to protect both the client/patient/resident and health care provider.
Routine practices include risk assessment, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, Control of the environment and administrative controls.
The first step in the effective use of Routine Practices is to perform a risk assessment. A risk assessment must be done before each interaction with a client/resident or their environment in order to determine which interventions are required to prevent transmission during the interaction, because the client/resident’s status can change.
Risk assessment should include following factors:
Hand hygiene is considered the most important and effective ipac measure to prevent the spread of care-associated infections.
Hand hygiene is a multifaceted, multidisciplinary, facility-wide hygiene program, which includes demonstrable administrative leadership, education, champions and environmental enablers can be effective at reducing the incidence of infections.
Alcohol-based Hand Rub or a hand hygiene sink must be provided at the point-of-care, where busy care providers can clean their hands without leaving the client/resident. ABHRs are the preferred method to routinely decontaminate hands in situations when hands are not visibly soiled as they provide for a rapid kill of most microorganisms, are less time-consuming than washing with soap and water and are easier on skin.
For more information visit Just Clean Your Hands program http://www.oahpp.ca/services/jcyh/
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is clothing or equipment worn to minimise exposure to hazards in the workplace. In IPAC program it used to minimise exposure to infectious agents.
PPE does not remove or reduce infections and does not replace other control measures. PPE is used to prevent transmission of infectious agents from resident-to-staff. The same equipment will also prevent transmission from resident-to-resident, staff-to-resident and staff-to-staff.
PPE should be put on just prior to the interaction with the client/resident. When the interaction for which the PPE was used has ended, PPE should be removed immediately and disposed of in the appropriate receptacle.
Most common PPE used in congregate care settings are gloves, gowns, medical mask, N95 Respirators and eye protection.
The physical environment of a congregate living setting can harbour many microorganisms that are capable of causing infection in susceptible individuals. Maintaining a clean and safe care environment is an essential component of IPAC and isintegral to the safety of clients/residents and staff.
Numerous studies have shown that care environment harbours bacteria and viruses that may be transferred to clients/residents and equipment via the hands of care providers.
Environmental cleaning in the congregate living setting should be performed on a routine and consistent basis to provide for a safe and sanitary environment.
Administrative controls are measures that the congregate living setting puts into place to protect staff and clients/residents from infection. Following components should be in place:
IPAC education should be provided to all staff, especially those providing direct client/resident care, at the initiation of employment as part of their orientation and as ongoing continuing education on a regular basis.
Respiratory etiquette. Congregate living settings should reinforce with staff, clients/residents and visitors the personal practices that help prevent the spread of microorganisms that cause respiratory infections. Covering coughing/sneezing and not visiting the setting when ill are good practices.
Policies. All congregate living settings should establish a clear expectation that staff do not come into work when ill with symptoms that are of an infectious origin, and support this expectation with appropriate attendance management policies.
Immunization is one of the most effective preventive measures to protect clients/residents and staff from acquiring communicable diseases. All settings should have an appropriate immunization program in place.
Routine Practices refer to infection prevention and control (IPAC) practices to be used with all clients/patients/residents during all care, to prevent and control transmission of microorganisms in all health care settings. Routine Practices must be incorporated into the culture of each health care setting and into the daily practice of each health care provider to protect both the client/patient/resident and health care provider.
Routine practices include risk assessment, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, Control of the environment and administrative controls.
The first step in the effective use of Routine Practices is to perform a risk assessment. A risk assessment must be done before each interaction with a client/resident or their environment in order to determine which interventions are required to prevent transmission during the interaction, because the client/resident’s status can change.
Risk assessment should include following factors:
Hand hygiene is considered the most important and effective ipac measure to prevent the spread of care-associated infections.
Hand hygiene is a multifaceted, multidisciplinary, facility-wide hygiene program, which includes demonstrable administrative leadership, education, champions and environmental enablers can be effective at reducing the incidence of infections.
Alcohol-based Hand Rub or a hand hygiene sink must be provided at the point-of-care, where busy care providers can clean their hands without leaving the client/resident. ABHRs are the preferred method to routinely decontaminate hands in situations when hands are not visibly soiled as they provide for a rapid kill of most microorganisms, are less time-consuming than washing with soap and water and are easier on skin.
For more information visit Just Clean Your Hands program http://www.oahpp.ca/services/jcyh/
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is clothing or equipment worn to minimise exposure to hazards in the workplace. In IPAC program it used to minimise exposure to infectious agents.
PPE does not remove or reduce infections and does not replace other control measures. PPE is used to prevent transmission of infectious agents from resident-to-staff. The same equipment will also prevent transmission from resident-to-resident, staff-to-resident and staff-to-staff.
PPE should be put on just prior to the interaction with the client/resident. When the interaction for which the PPE was used has ended, PPE should be removed immediately and disposed of in the appropriate receptacle.
Most common PPE used in congregate care settings are gloves, gowns, medical mask, N95 Respirators and eye protection.
The physical environment of a congregate living setting can harbour many microorganisms that are capable of causing infection in susceptible individuals. Maintaining a clean and safe care environment is an essential component of IPAC and isintegral to the safety of clients/residents and staff.
Numerous studies have shown that care environment harbours bacteria and viruses that may be transferred to clients/residents and equipment via the hands of care providers.
Environmental cleaning in the congregate living setting should be performed on a routine and consistent basis to provide for a safe and sanitary environment.
Administrative controls are measures that the congregate living setting puts into place to protect staff and clients/residents from infection. Following components should be in place:
IPAC education should be provided to all staff, especially those providing direct client/resident care, at the initiation of employment as part of their orientation and as ongoing continuing education on a regular basis.
Respiratory etiquette. Congregate living settings should reinforce with staff, clients/residents and visitors the personal practices that help prevent the spread of microorganisms that cause respiratory infections. Covering coughing/sneezing and not visiting the setting when ill are good practices.
Policies. All congregate living settings should establish a clear expectation that staff do not come into work when ill with symptoms that are of an infectious origin, and support this expectation with appropriate attendance management policies.
Immunization is one of the most effective preventive measures to protect clients/residents and staff from acquiring communicable diseases. All settings should have an appropriate immunization program in place.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores ipsum repellat minus nihil. Labore, delectus, nam dignissimos ea repudiandae minima voluptatum magni pariatur possimus quia accusamus harum facilis corporis animi nisi. Enim, pariatur, impedit quia repellat harum ipsam laboriosam voluptas dicta illum nisi obcaecati reprehenderit quis placeat recusandae tenetur aperiam.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores ipsum repellat minus nihil. Labore, delectus, nam dignissimos ea repudiandae minima voluptatum magni pariatur possimus quia accusamus harum facilis corporis animi nisi. Enim, pariatur, impedit quia repellat harum ipsam laboriosam voluptas dicta illum nisi obcaecati reprehenderit quis placeat recusandae tenetur aperiam.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores ipsum repellat minus nihil. Labore, delectus, nam dignissimos ea repudiandae minima voluptatum magni pariatur possimus quia accusamus harum facilis corporis animi nisi. Enim, pariatur, impedit quia repellat harum ipsam laboriosam voluptas dicta illum nisi obcaecati reprehenderit quis placeat recusandae tenetur aperiam.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores ipsum repellat minus nihil. Labore, delectus, nam dignissimos ea repudiandae minima voluptatum magni pariatur possimus quia accusamus harum facilis corporis animi nisi. Enim, pariatur, impedit quia repellat harum ipsam laboriosam voluptas dicta illum nisi obcaecati reprehenderit quis placeat recusandae tenetur aperiam.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores ipsum repellat minus nihil. Labore, delectus, nam dignissimos ea repudiandae minima voluptatum magni pariatur possimus quia accusamus harum facilis corporis animi nisi. Enim, pariatur, impedit quia repellat harum ipsam laboriosam voluptas dicta illum nisi obcaecati reprehenderit quis placeat recusandae tenetur aperiam.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores ipsum repellat minus nihil. Labore, delectus, nam dignissimos ea repudiandae minima voluptatum magni pariatur possimus quia accusamus harum facilis corporis animi nisi. Enim, pariatur, impedit quia repellat harum ipsam laboriosam voluptas dicta illum nisi obcaecati reprehenderit quis placeat recusandae tenetur aperiam.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores ipsum repellat minus nihil. Labore, delectus, nam dignissimos ea repudiandae minima voluptatum magni pariatur possimus quia accusamus harum facilis corporis animi nisi. Enim, pariatur, impedit quia repellat harum ipsam laboriosam voluptas dicta illum nisi obcaecati reprehenderit quis placeat recusandae tenetur aperiam.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores ipsum repellat minus nihil. Labore, delectus, nam dignissimos ea repudiandae minima voluptatum magni pariatur possimus quia accusamus harum facilis corporis animi nisi. Enim, pariatur, impedit quia repellat harum ipsam laboriosam voluptas dicta illum nisi obcaecati reprehenderit quis placeat recusandae tenetur aperiam.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores ipsum repellat minus nihil. Labore, delectus, nam dignissimos ea repudiandae minima voluptatum magni pariatur possimus quia accusamus harum facilis corporis animi nisi. Enim, pariatur, impedit quia repellat harum ipsam laboriosam voluptas dicta illum nisi obcaecati reprehenderit quis placeat recusandae tenetur aperiam.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores ipsum repellat minus nihil. Labore, delectus, nam dignissimos ea repudiandae minima voluptatum magni pariatur possimus quia accusamus harum facilis corporis animi nisi. Enim, pariatur, impedit quia repellat harum ipsam laboriosam voluptas dicta illum nisi obcaecati reprehenderit quis placeat recusandae tenetur aperiam.